歡慶端午節 Celebration the Fifth Month
Festival
五月五日午。
天師騎艾虎。
赤口上青天。
百毒入地府。
菖蒲是爲劍。
荊棘邪氣捕。
雄黃書王字。
解除瘟疫苦。
以上是前幾年就分享過的《端午天師滅毒文》全文，如今民間衹用前面四句，這是不對的，因此須得更正回來。
農曆五月初五端午節是這個時節裡最重要的傳統節日，按干支逢五稱「午」，所以端午又稱端五、重午或重五。
五月為毒月，如有潤五月又稱出煞月，初五更是九毒日之首，所以端午節當天，家家戶戶用紅紙把艾草(Artemisia argyi)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)和榕枝(banyan)綁成一束，懸掛在門首，有避邪保健之意。菖蒲有脊如劍，可驅魔斬妖；艾草廣泛使用於針灸，而菊科植物的氣味又有驅蟲的功效，榕枝則有象徵青春之意。
東漢‧應劭《風俗通》中記載漢俗在五月五日用五色絲線（白色、黑色、綠色、紅色、黃色）合成細索，稱為「長命縷」、「五色縷」、「朱索」等名，繫在手臂上，男左女右，據說可驅瘟病、除邪、止惡氣。
五月五日古人又有以蘭草湯沐浴的習俗，所以又叫「浴蘭節」；人們在端午的午時，取艾草、柳枝、桃葉、菖蒲等浸在水中用來沐浴，傳說可保整年不為疫氣所侵；同一時辰，也可在小孩的額頭，用雄黃(Realgar)酒畫個「王」字，可驅毒避邪。
端午節又稱「天中節」，如果在當天吃黃色食物，可造命開運，黃色食物有雄黃、黃魚、黃瓜、南瓜、黃豆、蛋黃等；端午節的時食有綠豆糕及鹹鴨蛋，因為綠豆和鹹蛋均為涼性食物，有去痧消暑之效，而最普遍的是吃粽子，粽子又稱角黍，主要以菰蘆葉裹黏米加棗、栗，以淳濃灰汁煮熟。近年來許多考生因其「包中」的諧音，圖其吉利而親自包粽，考生於包粽子的時候可唸「蟾宮折桂」、「九重貴顯」等吉祥語。
另外，家長們多在端午節讓小孩配戴老虎型香包，內置檀香、白芷(Angelica dahurica)、桂心(Cinnamomum
cassia)、雄黃等香料，希望能趨吉避邪、祈求幸福，是對下一代的關愛；如果送香包給長輩，也有表達尊敬之意。
在換“端午符”時，記得默念：五月五日天中節。一切災厄滅爲塵。急急如律令。
Fifth Month Festival, in Chinese known as Duan Wu Jie (端午節),
Duan Yang Jie (端陽節) or Tian Zhong Jie (天中節), in English being
translated as Dumpling Festival. In Hokkien Context, we will address it as
Fifth Month Festival aka Ghor Ghuet Jhie (五月節).
According to Ancient Chinese Records, Fifth Month
Festival actually existed far before Qu Yuan (the Loyal Poet) killed himself on
the 5th Day of Lunar 5 Month. Due to Qu Yuan's Popular Image and the
Loyalty-ness that he got, after his Death, Chinese only remember that this Day
was dedicated to remember him and neglected the Origin of this Festival.
Since Yellow Emperor Era (黃帝時期)
invented Lunar Calendar System, Fifth Month Festival was already being
stated/shown on the Calendar System. On this Day, it means that the Sun reaches
the Mid-point of the Earth (in the Era shall be refering to Mainland China).
And so, the Mortal Realm will encounted Extreme Heat & different types of
Diseases will arise due to the Moist & Hot weather.
In-order to get-rid of such Diseases from being spreaded
around in the Commoners Society, certain pre-cautions had to be taken. This is
how later, certain Chinese Herbs are being introduced and used in Chinese
Families.
In here, I will start with a short introduction on how
Rice Dumpling aka Zong Zi (棕子) came about. The Story goes like
that:
Qu Yuan (屈原), other names known as Qu Ping (屈平) or
Ling Jun (靈均), born in BC340 (生于公元前340年), hometown in China Hu Bei Province Yi
Chang County (湖北宜昌县).
After Qu
Yuan grow-up, he got his Official Position in Chu Kingdom (楚國), from then, he was being Highly
respected by the Chu King (楚王). Soon, Qin Kingdom (秦國) became the Biggest & Strongest Kingdom among the 7 Kingdoms in
the Warring Period. Immediately, Qu Yuan sent an Petition to King Chu to
request for joining force with Qi Kingdom (齊國) to go against Qin Kingdom. But due to
obstacles in the joining forces, the Cooperation-agreement was being delayed.
in BC 305, after the failure in the Cooperation with Qi Kingdom, Chu Kingdom
was being conquered by Qin Kingdom.
Soon after
Chu Kingdom was being taken over by Qin Kingdom, Qu Yuan was being Send-off by
Chu Kingdom, from then, Qu Yuan started his wandering life. In BC 278, Qin
Kingdom destoryed Capital Ying (郢都) of Chu Kingdom, upon receiving the
news, Qu Yuan was suffered from extreme shock and with the Strong-blow on Chu
Kingdom being destroyed, Qu Yuan killed himself in Mi Luo River (汨羅河). At that time, Qu Yuan was only 63
years old.
Knowing that
Qu Yuan had killed himself in Mi Luo River, the Commoners of Old Chu Kingdom
were upset and touched by his Loyalty and so immediately, the Strong-men
gathered Boats and set-off to the River to search for Qu Yuan, hoping that they
might be able to rescue Qu Yuan from drowning. After sometime, the Strong-men
were not able to see any sight of Qu Yuan. Upon hearing the News, the Elderlys
& Ladies started to make Rice-balls & Rice-cubes and asked the
Strong-men to go out into the Mi Luo River again, this time round, the
Strong-men were advised to throw the Rice-balls & Rice-cubes into the
River. This is to allow the Fishes in the River to eat the Rice-balls &
cubes and not eating the Flesh of Qu Yuan.
From then,
on the Day of Qu Yuan's suicide, 5th Day of Lunar 5 Month, Chinese will prepare
Rice-dumplings (包棕子) & participate in Dragon-boat Racing (賽龍舟) to remember the Loyalty &
Faithfulness of Qu Yuan.
Now, after
knowing how Dragon-Boat Racing & Rice-dumpling come about, I will do some
brief Introduction on the Practices on the Ancient Fifth Month Festival.
In Ancient
Era, Fifth Month Festival is also known as Tian Zhong Jie (translated as Heaven
in the Center Position Day 天中節) and so, Chinese will tend to believe that the Sun had reaches the
Peak Point in the Mortal Realm. Besides that, due to Heaven had reaches the
Center Point of the whole Mortal Realm, meaning that, this Day, Chinese shall
used Yellow-color in-order to respect the Heaven or Deities and so, on this
Day, Chinese will only consume or use Items that got Yellow color (In Taoism,
Center Position/Element has the Natural Color of Yellow/Brown 中方為黃).
Besides
that, due to Chinese also believed that this Day is the Day that All Diseases
& Negative Entities will come out to make nasty & harm Mortals, the
Chinese will prepared some Natural Herbs/Plants to get rid of the Negative
Stuffs.
Such
Herbs/Plants are:
1) 艾草 (Artemisia Argyi) - due
to the Aroma given out by this Plant, it is able to stop Insects & Worms
from getting near
2) 菖蒲 (Acorus Calamus) - due
to the Hard & Sharp Stem that this Plant has, Chinese believed that the
Stem is able to transform into Spiritual Sword for eliminating Negative
Entities
3) 榕枝 (Banyan Leaves Stem) - has
a significate of New Life & Re-start
After
gathering the Herbs/Plants, the Chinese will used Red-paper to wrap on the
Bottom-part of the Herbs/Plants and then hang it outside of the House to
prevent the Diseases or Negative Entities from entering.
Once the
hanging is completed, the Chinese will prepare a Big Basin of Water and placed
it outside the House/Garden where the Sun can shine directly onto the Water.
After the Timing reaches 1100Am (Chinese Hour known as Wu Shi or Horse Hour 午時), the Chinese will keep the Water in
and then, by adding a little bit of Realgar (雄黃), Artemisia Argyi (艾草), Acorus Calamus (菖蒲), Willow Leaves (柳枝葉) & Peach-blossom Leaves (桃花葉) and once its ready, the whole Family
will used the Water for Showering or washing of Face to get rid of any form of
Sickness.
By then,
the Ladies will prepared Wine with little amount of Realgar (雄黃酒), this is to be consumed by the whole
Family in-order to detox the internal toxic-substances in our Physical Body.
And Chinese believed that, by drinking this Realgar Wine, oneself will be
blessed with Good Health.
Besides
the washing & drinking, the Elderlys will also gather 5 Color Strings
(Yellow, Red, Green, White & Black 五色線). After the gathering, the Elderlys
will tie the 5 Color Strings together to make it into Wrist-band. After that,
the Elderlys will distribute them out to each Family Member for wearing. Guys
to wear on the Left Hand & Girls on the Right Hand.
Chinese
believed that by wearing this 5 Color Wrist-band, oneself will be blessed with
the Positive Energies emitted from the 5 Directions (五方正氣) and so, no Negative Entities will be
able to come near or do any nasty actions.
In Taoism,
on this Day, the Taoists will usually recite the following Mantra immediately
oneself get up from the Bed. This Mantra is to gather the Positive Energy from
the Heaven to assist oneself in getting rid of any form of Negative Entities.
五月初五天中節。一切災厄滅為塵。急急如律令。
Wu Yue Chu Wu Tian Zhong Jie. Yi Qie Zai E Mie
Wei Chen. Ji Ji Ru Lv Ling
For the
Offering to Deities/Ancestors on Fifth Month Festival, oneself or the Family
can just prepare the following items:
1) 5
Rice-dumplings on each Altar ( most people will prefer Kee Chang - 五顆梘水棕, the Plain one)
2) 3
Cups of Chinese Tea (三杯上等茶)
3) 1
Set of Fruits (in 5 Quantity 生果五顆)
4) 3
Sets of Shou Jin/San Bao Jin (三份壽金/三寶金)
5) 3
Sets of Silver-paper for Ancestors (祖先:三份銀紙錢)
