Thursday 1 November 2007

大明誠意伯劉伯溫 Introduction of Ming Dynasty First Premier Liu Bo Wen

 

 
 
陰陽燮理第一人劉伯溫 The Great Geomancy Master of Ming Dynasty Liu Bo Wen
大明誠意伯劉伯溫
Introduction of Ming Dynasty First Premier Liu Bo Wen
早年生活

劉基,字伯溫,生於元武宗至大四年六月十五(131171日)。自幼性情奇邁,神智過人。由父親啟蒙識字,十分好學。據說能速讀,可以「七行俱下」。泰定元年(1324年),劉基遵照父親的決定,離開了家鄉,來到處州府城括城,進入郡庠接受正式的學校教育,研讀《春秋經》。泰定四年(1327年),當時著名的理學家鄭復初到距離青田縣七十里的石門洞講學,在一次拜訪中對劉基的父親贊揚說:「您的祖先積德深厚,庇蔭了後代子孫;這個孩子如此出眾,將來一定能光大你家的門楣。」後來,鄭複初的預言,在劉基二十一歲時初步應驗了。元順帝元統元年(1333年),劉基到京城大都參加會試,高中明經科進士。
仕途
至元二年(1336年),劉基擔任江西行省瑞州府高安縣的縣丞。在任官的五年內,處理地方事務的原則是「嚴而有惠愛」,能體恤民情,但不寬宥違法的行為;對於摘奸發伏,更是不避強權。因此受到當地百姓的愛戴,但地方豪強對他恨之入骨,總想找事端陷害他,幸得長官及部屬信任他的為人,才免於禍患。
辭官後,劉基返回青田,至正三年(1343年),朝廷徵召他出任江浙儒學副提舉,兼任行省考試官。後來因檢舉監察御史職,得不到朝中大臣的支持,還給他許多責難,他只好上書辭職,任期約一年。
至正六年(1346年),劉基接受好友歐陽蘇的邀請,與歐陽蘇一同來到丹徒,在距歐陽蘇家附近的蛟溪書屋住下,過了一段半隱居的生活。以教授村中子弟讀書來維持生活,偶爾和月忽難、陶凱等好友時相往還。
至正八年(1348年),劉基結束在丹徒約兩年的半隱居生活,再度投入人群。他來到杭州居住,他的夫人為他生下一個兒子,即劉璉。在杭州的四年當中,他和竹川上人、照玄上人等方外之士時相往來,也和劉顯仁、鄭士亭、熊文彥、月忽難等文士詩文相和。至正十二年(1352年)七月,張士誠攻陷杭州,在攻陷杭州之前,劉基便帶著家人回到故鄉。
至正16年(1356年)十月,回到故鄉不久,來了一封公文。朝廷起用他為江浙行省元帥府都事,佐石抹宜孫,主要任務是幫助當地政府平定浙東一帶的盜賊,特別以方國珍為對象。後元朝決定招撫方國珍,劉基被抑,改授總管府判,於是再度棄官歸隱青田。
輔佐朱元璋
 
至正十九年,朱元璋攻下浙東,二十年(1360年),經孫炎的推薦,朱元璋聘請他至應天(今南京),任謀臣,展現一個成功兵法家的才能。劉基針對當時形勢,向朱元璋提出避免兩線作戰、各個擊破建策,多被採納。輔佐朱元璋集中兵力先後滅陳友諒、張士誠等勢力。劉伯溫並建議朱一方面脫離「小明王」韓林兒自立勢力,另一方面卻以「大明」為國號來招攬天下義師的民心。至正二十七年(1367年),參與制定朱元璋的滅元方略,並得以實現。共參與軍機八年,籌劃全局。洪武三年(1370年),為嘉勉劉基的功榮,授命劉基為弘文館學士。十一月朱元璋大封功臣,又授命為他開國翊運守正文臣、資善大夫、上護軍,並封為誠意伯。不過,年俸極低,只有二百四十石。
晚年生活
洪武八年(1375年),劉基不良於行,但仍和京官參加元旦的早朝,隨後在奉天殿做了一首《乙卯歲早朝》,這雖屬於歌功頒德的應酬文字,但詩中仍可以看見劉基的心情。正月中旬,宋濂的門人劉剛來到劉基的住處,商請劉伯溫將宋濂的百餘卷作品,摘選並編輯成書,又請劉基為之序。正月下旬,劉基偶感風寒,朱元璋派胡惟庸帶御醫去探望。御醫開了藥方,服罷,覺腹中似有積物,讓他十分痛苦。
二月中,劉基抱病覲見朱元璋,婉轉地向他稟告胡惟庸帶著御醫來探病,以及服食御醫所開的藥之後更加不適的情形。朱元璋只是講些安慰話,這使劉基相當的心寒。三月下旬,病情惡化,由劉璉陪伴,在朱元璋的特遣人員的護送下,自京師動身返鄉。回家以後,即拒絕服藥,只正常飲食。
幾天之後,劉基自知來日無多,向二子交代後事。又讓劉璉從書房拿來一本天文書,對他說:「我死後你要立刻將這本書呈給皇上,從此以後不要讓我們劉家的子孫學習這門學問。」又對次子劉璟說:「為政的要領在寬柔與剛猛循環相濟。如今朝廷最必須做的,是在位者盡量修養道德,法律則應該盡量簡要。平日在位者若能以身做則,祈求上天佑我朝永命萬年。」又繼續說道:「本來我想寫一篇詳細的遺表,向皇上貢獻我最後的心意與所學,但胡惟庸還在,寫了也是枉然。不過,等胡惟庸敗了,皇上必定會想起我,會向你們詢問我臨終的遺言,那時你們再將我這番話向皇上密奏吧!」最後於四月十六卒於故里,享年六十五歲。六月,葬於鄉中夏中之原。
武宗正德八年(1513年),朝廷贈他為太師,諡號文成。世宗嘉靖十年(1531年),因刑部郎中李瑜的建言,朝廷再度討論劉基的功績,並決議劉伯溫應該和徐達等開國功臣一樣,配享太廟。
 
 
Liu Bo Wen (劉伯溫) aka Liu Ji (劉基), born in Yuan Dynasty 元朝末年 (AD1311), hometown in Zhe Jiang Province (浙江省).
At the age of 14, Liu Bo Wen was being enrolled into a reputable college of that era to learn on the teaching of Chun Qiu (春秋).
AD1333, at the age of 23, Liu Bo Wen passed the Imperial Examination, from then, he started his Official Career by being a Magistrate Officer at Jiang Xi Province, Gao An Area (江西省高安縣).
AD1339, while handling to one murderer case, he offended the Yuan Dynasty Officer, from then, he was being insult and blamed for no-reason, soon he was being forced to resign from his post.
AD1348, Liu Bo Wen was being invited back to serve the Imperial Court of Yuan by the Overall Officer In-charge.
During the 2nd serving period of Liu Bo Wen to the Yuan Imperial Court, he met Zhu Yuan Zhang 朱元璋 (which later became the 1st Emperor of Ming Dynasty).
AD1356, Zhu Yuan Zhang led Million of Armies to attack the Yuan Empire.
AD1358, Zhu Yuan Zhang went to Liu Bo Wen's hometown to invite him to be his Advisor on handling the Empire issues.
AD1360, after 2 years of consideration, Liu Bo Wen finally agreed to assist Zhu Yuan Zhang.
Soon after Liu Bo Wen joined in the group, Zhu Yuan Zhang successfully took over the Empire from the Yuan and set up his own Empire Ming Dynasty (大明皇朝).
After Zhu Yuan Zhang got onto his throne, he appointed Liu Bo Wen as his Premier, from then, Liu Bo Wen assist Zhu Yuan Zhang in handling cases, issues and Political matters of the Ming Empire.
AD1375, at the age of 65, Liu Bo Wen died after taken the wrong medicine issued by the Imperial Physician.
Due to his loyalty and willingness to sacrifice, Emperor Zhu bestowed him and his descendants the title of Cheng Yi Bo (誠意伯).
And the folks respect him as a Deity due to his credits and merits, they address him as Liu Qian Sui (劉府千歲).
From hearsay, till today, Liu Bo Wen's descendants are still serving the Nation with loyalty and Pride.
 
 

12 comments:

  1. bowen_4.jpg: The tomb of Liu Bo Wen in his hometown.

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  2. i tot he is a very smart chap in astrology and predictions??

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  3. Yup, he's one of the Spiritual Masters in Astrology and Predictions.

    During Ming Dynasty, he used Tui Bei Shu 推背書 (compiled by Li Chun Feng) to do alot of predictions.

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  4. New Pics added (liubowen_new11062009_01.jpg - liubowen_new11062009_06.jpg)

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  5. liu bo wen is shen ji miao suan.he is very powerful.i think he is a phycician

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